What is tooth decay?

Tooth decay is the result of an infection from bacteria that use carbohydrates from the foods and beverages we consume to create acids. These acids erode tooth structure and cause decay.

Hundreds of bacteria live in our mouths, some are good and helpful while others cause trouble! Bad bacteria create sticky dental plaque on our teeth while good bacteria in our saliva contain minerals like calcium that help repair enamel by replacing minerals lost to acid in bad bacteria. Cavity causing bacteria seed on simple sugars in the foods and beverages we take in every day. These sugars provide energy for the bacteria to produce the acid that erodes tooth enamel, dentin, and pulp.

A number of factors can cause dental decay including poor oral hygiene, certain medications, and certain medical conditions. A lot of medications decrease saliva production causing dry mouth which can allow bad bacteria to overtake the mouth.

Tooth decay can appear as yellow, white, brown, gray, or even black spots on the teeth. Sensitivity to hot and cold foods and drinks is a good sign of decay, other signs including pain while chewing, sensitivity to sugars, and inflammation of the gum tissue around the tooth. If caught early, a cavity can usually be repaired with a simple dental filling. Larger cavities may require an onlay or even a dental crown. When decay is not caught in time, it can reach the pulp of the tooth and cause a lot of pain. Once this has happened, a root canal is usually required to treat the tooth. After a root canal, a crown is usually placed over the tooth.

In some cases, decay can become so advanced that it reaches the tip of the root of the tooth and can cause an abscess which will require antibiotics and draining of the abscess. Severe tooth decay can actually lead to loss of the tooth if it is deemed hopeless. In this case, the tooth would have to be extracted and either a dental bridge or dental implant can be placed to restore the area.

Prevention of tooth decay is pretty simple and can save a lot of time, money, and pain. To prevent tooth decay, a diet low in sugar, including carbohydrates can be very beneficial. It is important to have a good oral hygiene routine at home that includes brushing the teeth at least twice a day and flossing at least once. If you have trouble, your dental hygienist can help teach you some techniques to maximize your brushing and flossing. If you are susceptible to decay because of medical conditions or medications, or even genetics, you may find that using oral care products containing fluoride to be very helpful.

Visiting your dentist at least twice a year is crucial to oral health. Your hygienist can reach below the gum line to remove bacteria and plaque buildup that you cannot reach on your own. Speak with your dentist to determine if you are prone to plaque buildup and what steps you can take on your own to help clear it away and prevent further issues.

More on Tooth Decay : Symptoms of Tooth Decay